ECB: Independence at risk?

Sovereign credit risk , liquidity , and ECB intervention :

This paper examines the dynamic relationship between credit risk and liquidity in the sovereign bond market in the context of the European Central Bank (ECB) interventions. Using a comprehensive set of liquidity measures obtained from a detailed, quote-level dataset of the largest interdealer market for Italian government bonds, we show that changes in credit risk, as measured by the Italian so...

ECB text

Recommendations published by WHO are intended to be scientific and advisory. Each of the following sections constitutes guidance for national regulatory authorities and for the manufacturers of biological products. If a national regulatory authority so desires, these Recommendations may be adopted as definitive national requirements, or modifications may be justified and made by the national re...

ECB text

ECB text

This document provides information and guidance to national regulatory authorities and vaccine manufacturers concerning the characteristics, production and control of inactivated oral cholera vaccines intended to facilitate progress towards their international licensure and use. The text is presented in the form of Guidelines instead of Recommendations because further work is still needed to de...

ECB text

A separate WHO document intended to provide more detailed guidance on preclinical and laboratory evaluation of vaccines is in preparation. This was subsequently established by the 54th meeting, November 2003, of the WHO Expert Committee or Biological Standardization and is to be published in the WHO Technical Report Series. The section of this document that discusses preclinical and laboratory ...